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View Full Version : Brian DePalma and the Cinema of Conflict: Thoughts on "Redacted"



DrewG
04-15-2008, 02:07 AM
http://www.dvdrama.com/imagescrit2/r/e/d/redacted_2.jpg

For director Brian DePalma, it is safe to say it has not been a career of saccharine or subtle moments; he simply isn’t interested in making anyone feel good about much of anything and he will go to great, exaggerated lengths to provide the depravity. His latest in a career of extremely polarizing efforts is Redacted, an “imagining” of events before, during and after the rape and subsequent murder of a 14 year old Iraqi girl named Abeer Qassim Hamza al-Janabi by U.S. soldiers in March 2006.

The debate at the center of the cinematic techniques in Redacted is what is the purpose of consistently reminding the viewing audience that what we are watching is a concoction, or a “visual documentation” as opposed to a brutal reality? But how, in certain ways does this reminder of its fiction deepen the anti-war stance that DePalma is attempting to establish? In some ways, the reminder of the fact that it is merely a film is a debunking effect to the film’s abrasive style, but in other ways it serves a deeper meaning in its overstating ways, everything from the acting styles to the cinematography compositions to the visual transitions instilled. The question though: is the balance between these two extremes distracting or enlightening?

Why would this be considered distracting? This is an atypical representation therefore it will almost always ensure that the viewer is discomforted by what they’re being presented. Again, to brush this work off as simple, thoughtless, clichéd machismo would be to put down the craft of DePalma’s work as instigator for deeper thought about things we may have not actually taken time to think deeply about. It is similar to how people have complained about the high definition faux French documentary placed sporadically in Redacted’s narrative in its placement with the other parts of the presentation. DePalma says that he “decided to convey this in this very stylized pseudo-French documentary because I wanted to slow everything down” (Davies). By doing this it is not a means to take us out of the picture, but further inward. The establishment of this checkpoint being filmed is like the war; long, drawn out and now very depressingly, becoming routine. When the action hits and the visuals become less patient and graceful it mirrors the unpredictability and futility of it all; we don’t even know who the enemy are and by consistently mistaking the “right” ones to kill we end up alienating even the innocent ones. As one title card reads after Flake (Patrick Carroll) kills a pregnant Iraqi teen at the imagined checkpoint filmed in the French documentary: of the 2,000 wounded or killed at checkpoints by U.S. soldiers, only 60 were found to be insurgents.

In his look at Redacted, A.O.Scott of The New York Times (“Rage, Fear and Revulsion: At War With the War”) summarizes the recent trend in American cinema: stern, serious pictures dealing with Iraq and the United States’ global responsibility. According to Scott “their moods and methods vary widely” and like the others he says “I find myself drawn, in each to more or less the same conclusion. I am glad this movie was made, but I wish it were better” (Scott 2007). What this allows Scott to do is not judge the movie based on a knee jerk reaction to such provocative content, but rather to examine it based on the merit of its technical nuance in association with constructing a wartime social commentary.

Scott calls DePalma “an unrivaled master of showy cinematic technique” and allows this comment to anchor the understanding for the multiplicity of visual representations DePalma evokes to tell his story; the gritty soldier shot footage, the pretentious high definition French television documentary, the imitation YouTube uploads, cell phone films, surveillance cameras and a myriad of other things. Many have claimed that a film with such a need for focus in order to strongly convey a point needs to be more carefully sculpted than Redacted but Scott says that this “takes us on a tour not only of the battlefield, but also of the modern media environment, where no moment goes unrecorded and where everyone is, at least potentially, a filmmaker.” This is clearly evident in the character of Angel Salazar (Izzy Diaz) whose “fly on the wall” documentation of the rape might be his ticket to USC film school.

Furthermore it is not merely indicative of the media cultivating our perceptions of a war far beyond control anymore; it implies that our complacency with simply ingesting this information being fed to us is detrimental to future development. When McCoy (Rob Devaney) says in the film “I didn’t think they were actually going to do it” in terms of his comrades raping the young Iraqi girl, it is his hesitation in this moment and in the moments before the rape that redacts not just the ability to stop the terrible event but to bring forth the truth and instill punishment for those guilty. The amount of cutting between these news sources isn’t a way that the film loses the grip on what it’s trying to say, but more a method for disorienting the viewer in a representation of the world where information comes from all angles in a crisis and how differentiating it all is an insurmountable task. As the tagline reads, and as McCoy says towards the beginning of the film “Truth…is the first casualty of war.”

But even Scott senses that the attempt at provoking this “hodgepodge of brutal naturalism and self-conscious theatricality” is the potential for true power is undermined by issues of performance. Of course, the efficiency in how such a polarizing issue picture conveys its message is important, but not in the scheme of picking minor parts. It is their conjunction with the whole that is truly important, so therefore the overstated acting and “profane, macho” script are not out of line with the overall context of the film. When Rush (Daniel Stewart Sherman) says in the film of the young girl “that tasty skank is a spoil of war” there is almost no way this line with any actor could not come across as exaggerated. The damaging aspect here is that, according to DePalma, these are actual quotes of the convicted soldiers, only slighted changed in fear of lawsuit.

It is also imperative to think of actual soldiers in Iraq on downtime speaking to a camera. Surely they aren’t Brando’s or Pacino’s; they’re in the middle of nowhere and need something to do. As much as DePalma’s pre-composed rendition, the real thing might seem equally forged to the untrained eye. The set-up of these movies is equally realistic and staged. They are realistic in the sense that they’ve got a grainy quality and improvisational feel; the camera freely pans from one subject to another and these scenes are composed of very long singular takes that last for minutes at a time. From here, it is a tremendous part of the film’s structure and telling by DePalma how these home movies build from this opening segment of boredom and curiosity as these soldiers begin to question what exactly they’re doing. Our reaction to lines like this as overblown shows our own denial in what is going on over there. It’s hard to look at and it is even harder to hear and believe, but it’s all true and our own dismissing of it is providing outlets for the war to continue on and on. It’s only as distracting as we begin to make it and view it separate from the other aspects of the overall film.

This criticism of the hyper stylized approach also opens up another debate about the cinema’s depictions of the chaos of war. For example, DePalma’s approach to the Iraq conflict is distinctly similar in terms of style and story structure to his 1989 film about rape in Vietnam, Casualties of War. Between these two films it seems that DePalma has a set style for unfurling his thoughts on America at war. But what about a film that uses surrealism for its stylization in order to convey not just the insanity of war, but also the paranoia and insecurity that mounts when nothing can be trusted? Francis Ford Coppola did this with striking visual appeal in 1979’s Apocalypse Now, the story of Captain Willard (Martin Sheen) and his doomed crew as they voyage upriver in Vietnam to stop a renegade American soldier in Colonel Kurtz (Marlon Brando).

--POST CONTINUED BELOW--

DrewG
04-15-2008, 02:07 AM
In order to evoke a damning, dreary sense of life in wartime, Redacted operates, at times, much more in the area of realism without any humor. When Rush is claiming that his “fuckstick needs some pussy” in a conversation that precedes his participation in the rape of the 14 year old Iraqi, it isn’t meant to make us laugh, it is meant to disgust us. This is the precursor to a terrible event that further establishes the film’s main conflict. Rush’s outright, ridiculous statement is a reflection of his own demented mind that’s been shifted and shaped by the horrors he has seen and it isn’t just a outburst of machismo and an empty threat: it is a terrifying promise.

However in Apocalypse Now such outlandish occurrences serve to momentarily take us out of the war chaos or sailing serenity and force us to step back and evaluate the idea that there is no true preparation for what nature or other men will do to each other in war. When Willard encounters Lieutenant Kilgore (Robert Duvall) their focus isn’t on how to tackle the Vietnamese but rather how the waves of the ocean look for surfing that day. When the perplexed Willard questions the danger of this Kilgore animatedly responds “Charlie don’t surf!” This scene is funny because of how ridiculous it is but it is also somehow at the same time disturbing. In the midst of the shootings, bombings, deaths and such, this man has his mind focused on two extremes: exterminating the enemy and catching some waves. This is when we, like Willard, begin to doubt the sanity of his companions in the army as much as we doubt the sanity of the villain in Colonel Kurtz. The flaky Kilgore’s justification is equally humorous: “If I say it’s safe to surf this beach Captain, then it’s safe to surf this beach. I mean I'm not afraid to surf this place, I'll surf this whole fucking place!”

But often both of these films grasp at opportunities to interrupt beautiful imagery with spontaneous violence and bloodshed that startles us as much as it makes us think. In Redacted this comes in the form of the pretentious, high definition faux French television documentary that is at first composed of a long series of seemingly random shots that mean nothing: hands crunch a water bottle, soldiers cracking their necks and talking between themselves amongst other things. But then in the midst of this routine (further implied through a shot fast forwarding through the U.S. soldier’s day at the military checkpoint) Flake on impulse is awakened by a sudden car of Iraqis bursting through the checkpoint and is forced to kill a pregnant young woman. Suddenly the cinematography is no longer focused on portraying the boredom in war but how often when sudden decisions must be made they are usually matters of miscommunication as opposed to actual harmful intent by people considered the “enemy”. The cuts are quicker and more disorganized, the calming orchestra interrupted by the cursing and screaming of soldiers who were doing nothing suddenly pressed to do something. Something like this is eerily similar to when our soldiers in Apocalypse Now kill a boatful of Vietnamese out of suspicion to grab something dangerous when in reality they were only going for some pets.

But this also seems to be the point of Redacted, doesn’t it? And I don’t mean just the surprise IED that explodes one of the soldiers we’re following amidst seemingly harmless piles of trash, I mean our own surprise at how so much and so little can happen in a place we don’t fully comprehend. David Edelstein actually agrees with criticism of the film in his review on National Public Radio’s “Fresh Air”, but still considers it an effective piece that is “heavy handed, punishing” and “not subtle in writing” for he believes it represents “an audible, artistic response to an unpopular war” (Edelstein 2007). In responding to why the film was such an orgy of extreme images bearing extremes of clearness and confusion, he cites that DePalma must have been thinking “no time for aesthetics, that the film has to be in the present tense” (Edelstein 2007).

The whole mish-mash of it all is in line with another curious implementation by DePalma in the visual transitions in between the home movies and news sources reporting on the Iraq conflict. They are oddly ostentatious, and primarily distracting: pixelating in and out, diagonal wipes, glass shattering, rapid fades, iris in and out and swirls among many others. DePalma has been called Hitchcokcian because of how incredibly consistent he is in reminding the audience that they are watching a concoction, a film. But why would he do this in Redacted most will wonder. It is of dual meaning; for one thing it tells us that these are in fact imagined events stemming from an undeniable truth but because of these showy transitions the horror of war becomes magnified: this is not reality, but it is still reality.

Edelstein’s words lead themselves well into another “Fresh Air” segment where Dave Davies interviews DePalma. In the segment DePalma summarizes the birth of Redacted: how the production company provided $5 million to him as long as he made it with high definition. DePalma responded that “if I could think of something that was best realized in high definition” that he would make a film where he truly “didn’t want to use traditional techniques” (Davies). In this sense, it is an untraditional look at an untraditional conflict, one that DePalma claims is “without reason.” The lack of tradition is not merely limited to the visual aesthetic of Redacted as Davies points out but also in the portrayal of the grunts serving America when he implements a quote by Rush in the film when he refers to Iraq and its people when he’s done with them: “and there ain’t gonna be nothing left but scorched, fuckingng, earth!”

In the end Davies asks a question that he seems hesitant about. He has DePalma reveal that when he was a young teen his mother had forced him to spy on his father in order to find out if he was cheating or not. This included taping phone conversations and sneaking out to take pictures. For this it seems that DePalma feels the way he did about his father as he does about this war; in something as big as war or infidelity there is no escaping the eyes peering in. The sins of the past in continuance will further corrupt the future. If Redacted is unfocused, so is the war and the world, making sense of such slippery slopes of content is improbable in a feature length film. DePalma says he wants to stop the war with this film and he probably won’t but if it soothes his own rage and attempts to inform us, it as least breaking from the mold of mere voyeurism without action. At one point, a clichéd, tattooed rebel girl with typical Che Guevara poster screams at the camera via the faux YouTube: “you don’t see the My Lai massacre in movies!” And we don’t, because we as Americans feel disenchanted acknowledging our own tragic undoings. DePalma’s film is blunt and makes us uncomfortable. Whether it is over or under acted is irrelevant. The point is timeless and timely. The only distraction is denial.

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Works Cited Apocalypse Now. Dir. Francis Ford Coppola. Perf. Martin Sheen, Marlon Brando, Robert Duvall. DVD. Zoetrope Studios, 1979.

Davies, Dave. "Director Brian De Palma Digs Into 'Redacted' Story." Fresh Air. 14 Nov 2007. National Public Radio. 29 Nov 2007 <http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=16289254>.

Edelstein, David. "Brian De Palma, Implicating Us All in 'Redacted'." Fresh Air. 16 Nov 2007. National Public Radio. 29 Nov 2007 <http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=16355491>.

Redacted. Dir. Brian DePalma. Perf. Rob Devaney, Patrick Carroll, Daniel Stewart Sherman. 35mm. The Film Farm, 2007.

Scott, A.O.. Rage, Fear and Revulsion: At War With the War." New York Times 16 Nov 2007, Late Ed.: Performing Arts/Weekend Desk, Pg. 1.

balmakboor
04-15-2008, 02:56 AM
Wow! And I thought I put a lot of thought into Redacted.

balmakboor
04-15-2008, 03:02 AM
I'll add that the more I think about Redacted the more I feel that it is my favorite De Palma since Blow Out -- or possibly even since Hi, Mom. Maybe that's a crazy notion, but it's true.

Rowland
04-15-2008, 03:35 AM
I had a violent reaction to this movie, and I still have lingering feelings of contempt for it, but I admire all of the thought and effort you put into this. Kudos.

Duncan
04-15-2008, 04:11 AM
One of these days you'll write something about a film that I've seen and then I'll read it and most likely complement you on its quality. Until then, I'll just say that I admire your prolificness.

DrewG
04-15-2008, 05:05 AM
One of these days you'll write something about a film that I've seen and then I'll read it and most likely complement you on its quality. Until then, I'll just say that I admire your prolificness.

I appreciate either way.

Kurosawa Fan
04-15-2008, 01:10 PM
I'm pretty sure I had an even more violent reaction to this film than Rowland. I thought it was complete garbage. But it's nice that you found something so admirable that it inspired you to write with that length and passion.

balmakboor
04-15-2008, 04:05 PM
My review is here for what it's worth:

http://blogcritics.org/archives/2008/03/23/214610.php

I can't fathom calling the film "complete garbage" but, hey, that's the fun of this game.

Grouchy
04-15-2008, 08:26 PM
I wouldn't call it garbage either, but I didn't like some stuff that De Palma used. I'm gonna write a review as soon as I'm done with the other three movies I've seen before (heh), so nothing else to say for the moment.

That was a really thought out and informative read, by the way.